of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. I couldn't even stay awake reading this.
Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. Why is this ambitious? The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. Poor Henry VII. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. He entertained thoughts of remarriage to renew the alliance with Spain Joanna, Dowager Queen of Naples (a niece of Queen Isabella of Castile), Queen Joanna of Castile, and Margaret, Dowager Duchess of Savoy (sister-in-law of Joanna of Castile), were all considered. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person.
He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. The King, normally a reserved man who rarely showed much emotion in public unless angry, surprised his courtiers by his intense grief and sobbing at his son's death, while his concern for the Queen is evidence that the marriage was a happy one, as is his reaction to Queen Elizabeth's death the following year, when he shut himself away for several days, refusing to speak to anyone. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area.
Anne Boleyn | Biography, Children, Portrait, Death, & Facts - Britannica [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. 4. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Much of the ruthless machinery of control was designed to deal with ongoing challenged like pretenders and Yorkist sleepers and expats.
Why is Henry VIII's Tomb So Small When His Life Was So Very Opulent? Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition.
Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. Elizabeth married Henry after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field, which marked the end of the Wars of the Roses. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. So 4 stars. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. 3.5 Stars. [31] Despite such precautions, Henry faced several rebellions over the next twelve years. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. He was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. [4] Owen is said to have secretly married the widow of Henry V, Catherine of Valois. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais.
Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. But, his enemies didnt agree. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. [8], In 1456, Henry's father Edmund Tudor was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? He is credited with many administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England.
Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). Thus, the two warring houses were joined in marriage. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". No. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Effectively an orphan, he had spent wretched years as a fugitive in Brittany. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. For him, it was never about glory and battle. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. Pembroke Castle, birthplace of Henry VII [ JKMMX ] [ CC BY-SA 3.0 ]. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. (1): (April 24, 1883. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Corrections? He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. Get help and learn more about the design. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. Backdating Henry's Reign. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. [37], For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. After winning the throne of England, he wed Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of the dead Yorkist king Edward IV. Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English.
Henry VII of England - Wikipedia All the information is from Thomas Penn. But definitely rewarding! With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. The reigns of his three predecessors were interrupted or foreshortened. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. After the Holy Roman Emperor . In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court?